History
Ship plus Boat Models on the Ancient Mediterranean
Ancient ship and vessel types from ancient Greece, Egypt, and also Phoenicia have got already been found out throughout the Mediterranean. These versions provide archaeologists together with priceless facts relating to seafaring technology as well as sociological in addition to global financial importance involving seafaring. In spite of the best way handy historical fishing boat and ship models are generally that will archaeologists, they're not continually effortlessly and also properly viewed because of music artists mistakes, ambiguity inside model design, in addition to wear out on the centuries.
In the Ancient world, boats ere one of many a lot of highly elaborate mechanisms of this ancient world.2] Ships created far-flung journey and buy and sell practical in addition to economical, they usually put in a whole brand-new aspect for you to warfare. Thus, ships carried considerably of magnitude into the people on the early world, and also this is indicated to some extent with the generation regarding vessel and ship models. Ancient ship along with dispatch versions are constructed with a variety of components and are also with different purposes. The most typical functions intended for fishing boat plus vessel models include things like burial votives, house hold hold articles, art, along with toys. While archaeologists have observed vessel as well as boat versions through societies all about the particular Mediterranean, the three involving the most productive mail type building countries were that Greeks, Phoenicians, and Egyptians.
Archaeologists possess motivated in which Ancient Greek post styles had been used while burial or votive offerings in addition to residence posts for instance flashlights as well as having vessels. The different cruises portrayed with Ancient Greek models may be labeled commonly seeing that smaller craft, business vessels, plus warships. Models were solid with several materials, like wood, bronze, lead, and clay.
Greek warships ended up well-liked subjects to get designed in miniature. One certain model, bought simply by that Staatliche Museum with Kassel, Germany, attests to become valuable for you to archaeologists plus historians around being familiar with what hemiolia warship appeared to be like. Archaeologists have tentatively out dated the actual Kassel design for being from your sixth and also 5th decades BC through iconographic and literary sources. This dispatch model is made of clay in addition to includes a eye-catching prow molded being a boar head that's identified by simply Herodotus throughout History, along with shown on pottery, coins seals as well as alocohol consumption cups. The design can be a miniature regarding a vessel that would have been very smaller in the form of standard warship. The presence with holes weary towards seven thwarts inside the post indicates which the thwarts may perhaps were seats for your pegged-in dummy crew. If the particular divots bored stiff in the thwarts are in fact used to accommodate a dummy crew, your team seating could have been fixed having two men each along with amidships, the other male each standard fore plus aft where the ship narrows to ensure there may be exclusively living room first man. Alec Tilley indicates that your modest deliver keeping this kind of seating arrangement could have also been called a new hemiolia, or perhaps a one-and-a-halfer. The label indicates which not one but two oarsmen might have been placed on one half from the benches and one on the particular others. Until this kind of ship design has been discovered, archaeologists, classicists, and historians experienced exclusively gotten in order to hypothesize on which the seating arrangement might have happen to be like using a hemiolia determined by it is name.
All ancient Greek ship models are not of warships. One cruiser model from the house deposit in Mochlos, Crete, adult dating to around 3000BC, is actually thought that they are way too small to be a struggle ship. Basch postulates how the vessel annot include been propelled by simply more than several oarsmen therefore it might hardly possibly be in addition to your doing some fishing boat.8] As opposed to some other Early Bronze Age post and ship models, this kind of style had not been discovered in the burial context. This unit will be viewed as a child toy and also some art, besides a burial offering. The style per se shows a projection of the keel above this stem-post at together ends. Despite appearances, all these projections are usually not rams. Because the actual model is usually depicting a new angling boat, at this time there would certainly often be simply no requirement for rams. This model especially provides aided archaeologists recognize that definitely not just about all keel projections with depictions regarding motorboats in this time period are usually actually rams. Instead, keel projections with depictions associated with Bronze Age ships are usually explained as cut-waters or maybe because beaching protection.
Phoenician ship types provide archaeologists information concerning the specialised facets of seafaring, and the personal relevance of seafaring for any early Phoenicians. However, a few models deliver tantalizing pieces associated with data that will are, unfortunately, tricky in order to interpret. Item number H-3134 for the Hecht Museum, some sort of bluish brown lightly clay model of a 5th hundred years BCE oared boat, will be the kind of craft. The vessel is definitely unprovenienced, save intended for the actual reported location associated with its breakthrough journey Phoenician coast, but scientists have been able to tentatively affirm the foundation along with authenticity of this model. The model is actually of an oared boat manned by simply some pairs associated with oarsmen, who are delivered along with ands raised thus to their chests, within the third quick involving taking the oar inside the water, before rising that for that recovery.10] The mystery of your unit is a goal regarding smaller holes- some about the starboard side, and four with port- that were designed while in the attributes from the post using a pointed device prior to clay dried. It is thought that this holes tend to be very modest to help move an oar through, and thus won't always be utilized with regard to rowing purposes. This is usually tough in order to prove, however, because poorly preserved assert of that style as well as the level of fouling that is layered on the design causes it to be difficult in order to definitively rule out this possibility. Another idea concerning the intent being these kind of holes suggests this opes with regard to holding oars were threaded by way of these kind of holes.10]
Ship styles are generally beneficial that will archaeologists with which they allow for archaeologists to create rates relating to the dimensions the particular fishing boat will always be within true life. While this technique helps make that predictions that performers scaled your styles appropriately, that can be employed to get some feeling regarding just how huge these ships along with charter boats could possibly have been in serious life. Archaeologists estimate the Phoenician reef fishing boat preceding (H-3134) being regarding 6 meters long plus the hug you in relation to 2 meters. Archaeologists will probably in order to analyze these kind of estimates of width by making use of a series involving assumptions in regards to the mileage concerning benches, the actual horizontal distance between rowers, as well as a maximum write regarding the vessel.
Egyptian dispatch along with motorboat versions are generally perhaps a few of the best enchanting along with well-preserved types of dispatch styles designed to archaeologists. Some tiny types made from ivory, wood, or perhaps clay exist, along with archaeologists imagine all these types were in fact youngsters toys. This is usually quite rare, however, simply because ancient Egyptian post plus cruiser models additional typically ended up put in tombs involving dominant folks as agical substitutes for your actual items which the departed provides used in life as well as which usually your dog required to make use of once again within the next world.14]
Boats slipped into tombs of Egyptian the top fashion gurus is often separated straight into two types: fishing boat models in which characterize actual vessels come with the Nile, in addition to cruiser styles that stand for fishing vessels which have been deemed important with regard to religious purposes. The next type associated with model may or would possibly not include been recently utilized in actual life, although ended up just wonderful boats. The tastes personal watercraft discovered with tombs usually are carved out of wood.
Several fishing boat as well as vessel designs had been found in the tomb of Tutankhamen, adult dating to the Sixth Dynasty , and at Meketra (2061-2010BC). The wide selection of vessels represented with the models within these kinds of a couple of tombs has given archaeologists new details on the types of charter boats that were included in Egypt. Moreover, a good boat along with deliver models inside this tombs attests towards the paramount importance of fishing vessels and also delivers into the Nile-going people with Egypt.
The boat models found with Meketre feature various different kinds of boats, which include traveling boats, sporting boats, and several papyriform crafts. Two connected with your papyriform skiffs possess a trawling world wide web slung concerning them. It will be uncertain regardless of whether that net is meant to often be represented to be under that waters or even currently being drawn out from the water by the particular fishermen. In case the fact that musician and performer meant for that online that they are while in the water, it can be fascinating for you to take note that the internet is definitely upside down. Needless that will say, your upside down net will not function pertaining to hooking fish. This ambiguity tips up the issue associated with artistic veracity in the craftsmen which help to make ship models. As is attested by the ambiguity with the pockets in the sides with the Phoenician model, as well as skiff through Meketre, archaeologists must be responsive to the possibility with artistic error while interpreting ancient dispatch models. While some sort of mistake involving a strong inverted trawling net may might seem trivial, that lesson is important. It is very important for archaeologists to get aware of time in which ancient painters won't include been recently knowledgeable about the particular quality details involving cruises in addition to boats.
Despite most of the limits of interpreting traditional Mediterranean vessel models, archaeologists happen to be in a position to be able to glean quite a lot connected with info from these items. This information has become a key component inside completing breaks in information related to traditional seafaring technology along with culture.
Europe
Church votive holding in place from a church; your workmanship is to some degree crude, nonetheless adequate to spot as mid-19th-century
Model of your 19th-century English frigate
Closeup with the frigate's quarterdeck, showing high quality from the detail.
Prisoner-of-war style along at the Rosenborg Slot in Copenhagen.
Some on the earliest remaining European post styles were the ones from beginning create including galleys, galleons, in addition to possibly carracks, courting from your 12th over the 15th ages and determined often mounted within churches, where they were employed in ceremonies for you to bless delivers along with all those who sailed inside them.
Until the beginning 18th century, effectively all European modest create and lots of larger vessels were designed with out elegant plans appearing drawn. Shipwrights will develop types of showing prospective shoppers precisely how being full size dispatch will appear in addition to to help illustrate innovative setting up techniques.
Ship versions designed for that Royal Navy were categorised as Admiralty models along with ended up principally produced throughout the 18th in addition to 19th 100's of years for you to show offered warship design. Although many of these designs didn't illustrate the exact timbering and also framing, some people does exhibit the form on the hull and usually acquired wonderful depth on the deck furnishings, masts, spars, and also typical configuration. Some involving these kinds of huge types had been decorated using carvings involving wonderful beauty in addition to have been evidently produced by means of teams associated with artisans.
Admiralty versions dished up that will educate civilians who had been linked to the higher education and also other sorts of part with the ship, in avoiding construction mistakes dress yourself in have improved as the ship themselves took form.[citation needed]
During your Napoleonic competitions French and also English seamen exactly who were taken prisoner were confined, sometimes intended for countless years, as well as into their monotony sought pain relief by way of setting up deliver styles from scraps involving wood as well as bone. This improved in to some thing of the art work sort as well as the products had been sold in order to the actual public, which will reacted by supplying the prisoners using pale yellow so how the products would be extra decorative. For the best part, the particular models possessed created picket hulls using rigging constructed from individual hair, horsehair, silk, as well as no matter what various other fine material could possibly be obtained. Bone or cream color would be employed intended for masts and spars, so that as a new thin veneer within the hull.
A outcome associated with Britain's naval supremacy inside the eighteenth and 19th ages ended up being huge open involvement in boats and also ship models. Numerous relatively crude types had been constructed because kids toys resulting to your generation of functional, instead of decorative, post models. Britain as well led the planet around style vessel sailing clubs - inside 1838 the particular Serpentine Sailing Society had been commenced around Hyde Park, with the 1st London Model Yacht Club with 1845. By that 1880s there was three model sailing sets expressing this Kensington Gardens Round Pond alone.
Modern era
In the particular early portion belonging to the 20 th Century, amateur ship type products grew to become available from corporations for instance Bassett-Lowke with Great Britain and also Boucher's throughout that United States. Early 20 th century products made with the multitude of fire wood hulls along with cast steer with regard to anchors, deadeyes, and rigging blocks. These resources little by little gifted way to plastic-type precast sets.
The growth regarding tinplate in addition to advancements with unit gear made it possible for major advancements in ship modelling from 1900 onwards. Thin, workable linens with flat iron may just be coated by using container to avoid rusting, in that case mass-produced when parts of dispatch model kits. The practice appeared to be pioneered through French deliver style supplier Radiguet, that made some sort of distinct zinc boats having pressurised vapor engines, wooden decking and also brass fittings. The speed connected with manufacturing to get tinplate vessels enabled just one 1909 company to make dispatch versions involving speedboats which had competed of which year around Monaco.
Ship modelling throughout the United States seasoned some sort of boom from the 1930s when Popular Science newspaper printed an extended number of articles and also projects to get well known delivers simply by modeller and past Navy official E. Armitage McCann.[citation needed]
In latest years, popular world wide web access includes played a serious function throughout endorsing ship modelling, supplying fans time in order to show off their function plus write about techniques. Internet sites for instance Modelwarships.com, Steelnavy.com, or Model Shipwrights tend to be driven to be able to plastic type dispatch builders, although some this sort of seeing that Hyperscale focus basically on aircraft and also different subject matter can easily routinely element nasty vessel models while well.
Types with dispatch product construction
The most frequent resources utilised with regard to mail designs are:
Woodommonly reliable wood, a couple portions with lumber with a directory seam or slabs of wooden placed one in addition to every other.
Plasticncluding equally shot styrene in addition to thrown resin models. In greater scales (1/192 plus larger), fiberglass is frequently applied pertaining to hull shells.
Metalsually hired guide as well as various other alloys. Steel, linen container and aluminum brass are utilized a smaller amount often pertaining to hull construction, nevertheless are used extensively intended for including details.
Paperreprinted pieces of paper development guides are usually popular throughout Europe, and they are out there in the wide range of scales.
Wooden model ships
A "plank on frame" model of this HMS Sussex on display with the US Naval Academy museum.
Main article: Wooden ship models
Wooden ship type hulls can be constructed in a number of ways. The most effective is really a strong fire wood hull sawn plus wood at a sole prevent of wood. This method requires the most ability to accomplish appropriate results.
A version of this technique, from time to time known when bread plus butter construction( that real wood could be the "bread" as well as glue the "butter") is a hull developed from tiny blocks connected with fire wood glued together with either a vertical seam which often can become involved in to outdoor patio design, or your horizontal seam. This lowers as much carving required, however even now requires ability and also the by using templates to attain in addition to correct hull form.
Modelling precision along with easily portable layout is usually achieved by building a hollow hull. The plank about bulkhead process card inserts a series of designed bulkheads along the keel to make a new designed step that will always be insured along with planks to form the hull from the type . Plank upon frame patterns build your model just like full measurement timber ship is actually constructed. The keel is laid decrease in a manner which in turn maintains the idea direct as well as true. The sternpost and also control are erected, deadwood and strengthening bits inserted, in addition to a group of formed glasses are built plus erected across the keel to form this inner framework associated with the particular model. The planks are in that case applied over the body to make the outside covering.
A wooden hull work extremely well pertaining to managing models whenever adequately sealed.
Plastic design ships
1/720 scale plastic style of the USS Massachusetts
An built Skywave/Pit-Road 1:700 size Japanese destroyer is around the dimensions of the pencil.
1:700 size plastic style finished by using photoetch brass rails as well as other refinements.
In the many years considering that World War Two injection-molded polystyrene plastic type ships are getting to be progressively popular. Consisting associated with preformed plastic pieces which may be bonded along with cheap cement, these styles are generally much easier in order to create as compared with greater labor-intensive classic timber models. The affordable plastic material kits were originally geared to this submit conflict generation whom could glue all of them together in addition to generate passable replicas in one afternoon. Plastic designs are available in together full hull along with waterline variants for the wide selection of vessels.
A extra recently available inclusion have been several different equipments with cold get rid of resin marketed by simply a variety of tiny firms within a new holiday cottage industry. These normally protect more imprecise subjects than core manufacturers.
Scales range as well, along with countless equipments on the quick days and nights being "box scale"; which is, scaled to match a standard size package built to match suitably on hobby shop shelves. Scales have because become much more standardized to make it possible for modelers to be able to create consistent level collections, but you can find nonetheless countless to choose from. In Europe 1/400 weighing machine remains popular, while in the United States plus Japan a common scales are 1/700 (making a World War Two aircraft carrier with regards to a foot or so long) in addition to 1/350 (twice provided that 1/700). Nevertheless, core nasty equipment brands pursue to manufacture kits as small as 1/1200 and as huge since 1/72, that has a number of even larger.
The beginning plastic type kit suppliers like Airfix, Revell, Frog and also Pyro include considering already been joined up with by Tamiya, Hasegawa, Skywave/Pit-Road, Trumpeter, Dragon Model Limited and lots of people in producing a wide array of design subjects. The plastic material product package marketplace has altered on the years to your give attention to person hobbyists prepared spend on more elaborate, excellent quality kits.
Another recent development features also been that arrival connected with aftermarket components to boost your basic kits. Decals, particular paints as well as made material substitution rifle barrels can be obtained in order to help to make cheap models extra accurate. The health benefits of chiseled photoetched metal sets, usually steel or brass, in addition provide additional realistic lifelines, cranes, along with specifics compared to are likely considering the injection molded plastic kits. These photoetch sets have transformed the actual hobby, empowering the finescale modeler that will recreate very sensitive details using a lot less effort.
Wargaming models
Main article: Naval wargaming
1:1250 scale die-cast designs involving ships
Model delivers are already applied for war gambling since antiquity, but the introduction with sophisticated principles designed the practice very popular from the beginning twentieth Century. Small smaller ships, often inside 1:1200 range as well as 1:1250 scale ended up maneuvered on large enjoying supports for you to either recreate a historic battle, and also in the event that associated with governments, strategy with regard to long run encounters. These products were basic representations connected with vessel types, with plenty of detail for making these individuals recognizable. Bassett-Lowke advertised these on the arrest within England, in addition to better versions that appealed to collectors.
Prior that will World War II, the actual German company Wiking became a boss in the industry women and men war lost its dominance.
Large Scale Models
Large Commercial Model of the IJN Akagi on exhibit with Pearl Harbor
Large size unit warships in San Diego
Larger ship versions have been included in museums to help insurance policy famous ships, around firms to get adornment plus public relations. These are usually normally designed by means of commercial firms, or, in the past, style departments of large shipyards. One well-known builder of deliver models to the United States Navy ended up being the firm involving Gibbs along with Cox.;a 1/48 weighing machine type of the USS Missouri, which is on show in the Washington Navy Yard museum, recommended an estimated 77,000 dude a long time for you to construct. Commercial mail versions are usually built to help thorough standards; one example is the US Navy includes a great demanding pair of specs relating to using materials along with procedures using the purpose involving being sure a new style "lifespan" involving just one one hundred dollars years.
Radio Control Model Ships
Main article: Radio-controlled boat
Some hobbyists create and operate level style boats utilizing radio stations handle equipment. These can easily consist of tiny types which can be controlled around aquariums that will vessels efficient at navigating huge body frames of water. Further increasing the concept is type warship combat, in which range models shoot projectiles from 1 another with combat.
Engineering models
Test product from a towing tank
Model cruises are essential while in the area of engineering, in which analytical modeling of an fresh layout needs to be verified. Principals with similitude are employed to apply calculated facts coming from a scaled model towards the total machine design. Models will often be tried with special facilities generally known as unit basins.
Manned models
Manned designs are usually model cruises which could hold in addition to become handled through at least one man or women on a strong open expanse associated with water. They need to behave the same as authentic ships, providing that shiphandler identical sensations. Physical disorders such as wind, currents, waves, drinking water depths, programmes along with berths need to be produced realistically.
Manned style of a new three hundred 000 dwt tanker
Manned designs widely-used intended for analysis (e.g. dispatch behaviour), engineering (e.g. interface layout) and for training within shiphandling (e.g. maritime pilots, masters and officers). They usually are at 1:25 scale.
The target with education with manned versions would be to empower seamen to get so they can develop manoeuvring skills via a much better understanding of a new deliver habits since it sails in confined water ailments at manoeuvring speed. Manned types are thought to be by way of maritime pilots because the subsequent most effective thing to a full-scale prototype for realizing some sort of ship's behaviour.. Those who've skilled about both equally claim which range models usually are complementary to help computer system simulators. While manoeuvres together with currents, waves, tugs, anchors, lender effects, etc. are usually modelled extra correctly on scale models, numerical simulators tend to be more reasonable when it reaches for the link environment.
The Port Revel Shiphandling Training Centre is really a French historic pilotage college specializing inside training intended for pilots, masters, and officers on great ships similar to supertankers, bottle ships, LNG carriers in addition to cruiseships . The facility utilizes manned types in a 1:25 scale on a man-made lake built to reproduce normal problems in harbours, canals, plus available seas. It ended up being the initial these kinds of surgery center inside world. The Centre ended up being originally created within 1967 in close proximity to Grenoble through Laboratoire Dauphinois d'Hydraulique.
Model yachts
Main article: model yachting
Model yachts are operating craft, that might end up being sail, steam, engine and also power continuous-duty motor powered, ordinarily resembling pleasure electricity craft, even though pastime as well comprises the particular engineering and also operation of models of working boats for instance tugboats and various write revealed here seeing that static models.
Model shipwright guilds
Model shipwright guilds are usually interpersonal types that will permit more seasoned dispatch modellers the opportunity to pass on their knowledge for you to brand new members; to permit people of most levels regarding know-how to trade innovative ideas, together with preparing when social function.
Some unit shipwright guilds are already involved towards federal government as well as Naval facilities, attaining a new semi-official standing as being a clearinghouse intended for info about naval history along with post design. The USS Constitution Museum keeps going some sort of unit shipwright guild from your Charlestown Navy Yard, adjacent to this berth for any charter boat itself.
Model post created with non-traditional materials: rolled-up tubes associated with paper, Express Mail labels, in addition to duct tape.
Model delivers inside a model town
Detail on the product of which illustrates adult males performing a capstan
John F. Kennedy's PT-109 is a well-liked a subject intended for plastic along with a radio station taken care of versions since 1960s. Here is really a 1/72 Revell set up positioned next to a 1/700 Japanese destroyer.
4-year-old boy piece of art some sort of Revell plastic-type style of the South Goodwin Lightship
A Revell "box scale" plastic unit equipment of the USCG Taney. Originally written within 1956, it had been one of several first injection molded cheap ship type kits.
Completed Revell Taney model
See also
Model yachting
Model warship combat
Radio-controlled boat
Wooden Ship Models
References
^ "HMS Invincible Model". The Invergordon Naval Museum plus Heritage Centre. December 2007. http://www.invergordonnavalmuseum.co.uk/news.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ Johnston, P.F. 1985. Ship plus Boat Models from Ancient Greece. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P129.
^ Johnston, P.F. 1985. Ship and Boat Models through Ancient Greece. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P.127.
^ Johnston, P.F. 1985. Ship in addition to Boat Models from Ancient Greece. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P127.
^ Gottlicher, A. 2004. "A Newly Acquired Ancient Ship-model within Kassel, Germany." IJNA33.1:154.
^ Gottlicher, A. 2004. "A Newly Acquired Ancient Ship-model in Kassel, Germany." IJNA33.1:154-5.
^ a b c Tilley, A. 2007. "Rowing Ancient Warships: Evidence at a Newly Published Ship Model. IJNA 4.2:293.
^ a new b c Basch, L. 1975. "Another Punic Wreck within Sicily: it's ram." IJNA4.2:201.
^ Johnston, P.F. 1985. Ship plus Boat Models within Ancient Greece.Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P. 12.
^ a new b c d e Raban, A. and Y. Kahanow. 2003. "Clay Models regarding Phoenician Vessels inside the Hecht Musesum during the actual University regarding Haifa, Israel." IJNA 32.1:61.
^ Raban, A. plus Y. Kahanow. 2003. "Clay Models connected with Phoenician Vessels in the Hecht Musesum on the University regarding Haifa, Israel." IJNA 32.1:62.
^ Raban, A. as well as Y. Kahanow. 2003. "Clay Models connected with Phoenician Vessels while in the Hecht Musesum for the University connected with Haifa, Israel." IJNA 32.1:62.
^ Jones, D. 1995. Boats. Austin: Universtiy with Texas Press P 26.
^ Jones, D. 1990. Model Boats from the particular Tomb regarding Tutankamun. Oxford: Griffith Institute P 2.
^ your b c Jones, D. 1990. Model Boats with the Tomb with Tutankamun. Oxford: Griffith Institute P 3.
^ Jones, D. 1990. Model Boats through the Tomb with Tutankamun. Oxford: Griffith Institute P 1.
^ a new b Jones, D. 1995. Boats. Austin: Universtiy connected with Texas Press P 30.
^ Hirschfeld, N. 2009. "Egyptian Seafaring." Class Lecture, 23 January, San Antonio.
^ "Church Ships". Henning Thalund. http://www.kirkeskibe.dk/en/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ a b c Lavery, Brian & Stephens, Simon (1995). Ship Models, Their Purpose plus Development out of 1650 to the actual Present. Zwemmer. ISBN 0302006540. http://books.google.com/books?id=oRP5AQAACAAJ&dq;=''Ship+Models,+Their+Purpose+and+Development+From+1650+to+the+Present''.
^ "The Pilkington Collection associated with French Prisoner with War Miniature Models". Merseyside Maritime Museum. December 2007. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/collections/artsea/models/pilkington.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ "Ship Models - Prisoner connected with War Work". National Maritime Museum (United Kingdom). December 2007. http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/search/listResults.cfm?name=Prisoner associated with war work, Full hull model&category=shipmodels&sortBy=title. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ your b "Club history: The Model Yacht Sailing Association". The Model Yacht Sailing Association. December 2003. http://www.mysa.org.uk/default.asp?PageNum=2. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ "Brief History: Basset-Lowke in addition to No. 78". Hunterian Art Gallery, University involving Glasgow. 1999. http://www.78derngate.org.uk/old/docs/78lowke.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ Head, Derek (1997). Bassett-Lowke Waterline Ship Models. New Cavendish Books. ISBN 1872727727. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=8QcWAAAACAAJ&dq=bassett-lowke+waterline+ship+models.
^ Wegner, Dana (March 2007). "Here Today, Maybe Gone Tomorrow?". Nautical Research Journal 1 out of 3 (1). http://shipmodeling.net/vb_forum/articles-print3.html. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ a b Macarthur, Antonia (2008-05-01). "Bateaux Jouets - Toy Boats from Paris 1850-1950". Signals (Sydney, Australia: Australian National Maritime Museum) 82: 1115.
^ "Toy Model Kits". Advarneg Incorporated. 2007. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Toy-Model-Kit.html. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ a b Ashey, Mike (2000). Basics of Ship Modeling: The Illustrated Guide. Kalmbach Publishing Company. ISBN 0890243727. http://books.google.com/books?id=2ffCoUTsj4YC&dq=The+Basics+of+Ship+Modeling.
^ Schnfeldt, Peter; Klaus Hogardt (1998) (in German). Wiking-modelle.: Die Schiffe und Flugzeuge. Koehler Publishing. ISBN 3782207319. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GbTeAAAACAAJ&dq=Wiking-Modelle+Die+Schiffe+und+Flugzeuge.
^ "US Navy post models made from the Gibbs & Cox Company". Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center. May 2007. http://www.dt.navy.mil/cnsm/faq_09d.html. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
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^ "Puget Sound Maritime Pilots". http://www.pspilots.org/pilots_training_scale.html.
External links
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Models of ships
Model Boat Mayhem - Probably the most comprehensive webpage regarding Model Boats - VERY productive Forum! UK based.
Model Ship Builder - A webpage specialized in safe guarding the particular skill connected with design vessel building.
Model Ship World The online house regarding the style ship builder
Model Shipwrights Database An details databases for any product shipwright
Model Shipwrights Model Ship Building Community
ModelWarships.com Plastic ship models
Steel Navy Plastic ship products of present day era
1250 Home Page specialized in 1/1200 as well as 1/1250 weighing machine models
Ship Modeling FAQ
Model Boat Links
The Maritime History Virtual Archives
The Nautical Research Guild
Models Used to Train Maritime Officers
The Nautical Research Guild - a new model shipwright association
Ship Modeler's Association with California
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Scale modeling
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